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Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment is called
a.
healing.
b.
digestion.
c.
homeostasis.
d.
respiration.
 

 2. 
To determine whether a bone is broken, a doctor is most likely to use
a.
arthroscopy.
b.
MRI.
c.
surgery.
d.
x-ray images.
 

 3. 
What structure directs the activities of a cell?
a.
nucleus
b.
cytoplasm
c.
cartilage
d.
cell membrane
 

 4. 
Messages are carried back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body by
a.
respiratory tissue.
b.
nervous tissue.
c.
the circulatory system.
d.
digestive tissue.
 

 5. 
Which organ system makes blood cells?
a.
skeletal system
b.
nervous system
c.
circulatory system
d.
digestive system
 

 6. 
Which type of human body tissue can contract, or shorten?
a.
nerve tissue
b.
muscle tissue
c.
connective tissue
d.
epithelial tissue
 

 7. 
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton?
a.
providing shape and support for the body
b.
obtaining oxygen
c.
protecting internal organs
d.
producing blood cells
 

 8. 
Much of a newborn baby’s skeleton is made of
a.
hard bone.
b.
soft bone.
c.
cartilage.
d.
ligaments.
 

 9. 
The spaces in bones are filled with a soft connective tissue called
a.
blood.
b.
water.
c.
cartilage.
d.
marrow.
 

 10. 
What kind of motion is possible with a hinge joint?
a.
rotating
b.
sliding
c.
backward or forward
d.
side to side
 

 11. 
By eating dairy products, you are helping to maintain healthy bones because dairy products
a.
stimulate the growth of new bone.
b.
enable nerve tissue to grow in bone.
c.
help form the canals in bone.
d.
are good sources of calcium.
 

 12. 
How does exercise help maintain healthy bones?
a.
by decreasing the need for calcium in the bones
b.
by decreasing the need for phosphorus in the bones
c.
by making bones grow stronger and denser
d.
by making bones produce stronger outer membranes
 

 13. 
The injury in which a bone comes out of its joint is called a
a.
concussion.
b.
fracture.
c.
dislocation.
d.
sprain.
 

 14. 
The images of bones appear in X-ray photographs because
a.
X-rays do not have enough energy to pass through soft tissues.
b.
X-rays are absorbed by bones, and the images of bones appear as white areas on the film.
c.
X-rays pass through bones, and strike the film beneath the bones.
d.
a computer produces the images.
 

 15. 
Which type of muscle is found only in the heart?
a.
voluntary muscle
b.
cardiac muscle
c.
smooth muscle
d.
soft muscle
 

 16. 
Which type of muscle tires quickly during exercise?
a.
smooth muscle
b.
breathing muscle
c.
skeletal muscle
d.
cardiac muscle
 

 17. 
How do pairs of skeletal muscles work together?
a.
Both muscles contract at the same time.
b.
Both muscles extend at the same time.
c.
While one muscle in the pair contracts, the other returns to its original length.
d.
One muscle in the pair pulls on a bone, while the second muscle pulls on the first muscle.
 

 18. 
Skeletal muscles must work in pairs because
a.
muscle cells can only contract.
b.
muscle cells can only extend.
c.
it takes two muscles to move a bone in one direction.
d.
when muscles work in pairs, they tire less quickly.
 

 19. 
Exercise is important for muscles because it
a.
prevents muscles from becoming tired.
b.
helps maintain strength and flexibility.
c.
gives muscles more energy.
d.
prevents muscle injuries.
 

 20. 
How does the skin protect the body from disease?
a.
by keeping disease-causing microorganisms from entering the body
b.
by gathering information about the environment
c.
by increasing body temperature when it is cold
d.
by supplying water to the body through the pores
 

 21. 
How does the skin help regulate body temperature?
a.
by removing wastes from the body
b.
by blocking information about the environment
c.
by enabling excess heat to escape from the body
d.
by allowing body temperature to change when the weather becomes warmer or cooler
 

 22. 
Washing your skin helps prevent
a.
skin cancer.
b.
sunburn.
c.
chapping.
d.
acne.
 

 23. 
Nerves and blood vessels in the skin are located in the
a.
pores.
b.
dermis.
c.
epidermis.
d.
canals.
 

 24. 
The living cells in the epidermis are located
a.
above the dead cells.
b.
beneath the dead cells.
c.
in the fat layer.
d.
only around hair follicles.
 

 25. 
The bones that form the backbone are called
a.
vertebrae.
b.
metatarsals.
c.
tibia.
d.
carpals.
 

 26. 
Beneath the outer membrane of bone there is a layer of
a.
blood vessels.
b.
canals.
c.
spongy bone.
d.
compact bone.
 

 27. 
What is the best way to prevent osteoporosis?
a.
Exercise regularly and include calcium in your diet.
b.
Reduce exercise and add phosphorus to your diet.
c.
Eat more green vegetables and red meats.
d.
Get plenty of bedrest.
 

 28. 
Which diagnostic method uses magnetism to find injuries to muscles and other soft tissues?
a.
arthroscopy
b.
fracture
c.
X-rays
d.
MRI
 

 29. 
The pigment melanin in the skin functions to
a.
keep water within the skin.
b.
produce new living cells in the epidermis.
c.
help protect the skin from sunburn.
d.
surround and protect hair follicles.
 

 30. 
Which of the following is the MOST likely procedure for treating severe arthritis of the knee?
a.
MRI followed by wearing a cast
b.
x-rays followed by joint replacement
c.
bed rest followed by exercise
d.
wearing a cast followed by bed rest
 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
 

 31. 
Tissues perform more complex jobs than organs. _________________________

 

 32. 
The process of homeostasis keeps the body’s internal environment stable. _________________________

 

 33. 
The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis. _________________________

 

 34. 
X-rays can show whether bones have been broken because X-rays are reflected by bone tissue. _________________________

 

 35. 
To bend a joint, one muscle extends while another muscle returns to its original length. _________________________

 

 36. 
Exercise helps to keep muscles healthy because exercise makes muscles thicker. _________________________

 

 37. 
The bones that make up your backbone are called tarsals. _________________________

 

 38. 
Blood cells are produced in red bone marrow. _________________________

 

 39. 
A well-balanced diet that includes the mineral calcium can help prevent osteoporosis. _________________________

 

 40. 
Arthritis is a joint disease that makes movement painful. _________________________

 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 

 41. 
Organs join to form a(n) ____________________ that performs a major function.
 

 

 42. 
Muscle tissue ____________________, to make body parts move.
 

 

 43. 
Homeostasis can be upset by ____________________, which is the reaction of the body and mind to a threatening, challenging, or disturbing event.
 

 

 44. 
Fat is one type of ____________________ tissue.
 

 

 45. 
One way to keep bones healthy is to get regular ____________________ in the form of activities such as running.
 

 

 46. 
Bones are strong and hard because they contain the minerals ____________________ and phosphorus.
 

 

 47. 
A(n) ____________________ occurs when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places.
 

 

 48. 
The type of involuntary muscle that moves food through the digestive tract is called ____________________ muscle.
 

 

 49. 
A healthy ____________________ provides the raw materials and energy necessary for healthy skin.
 

 

 50. 
The ____________________ protects the delicate tissue of the brain.
 

 

 51. 
The layer of skin that contains nerves and blood vessels is the ____________________.
 

 

 52. 
As an infant grows, hard bone replaces most of the ____________________ that forms an infant’s skeleton.
 

 

 53. 
One difference between X-rays and MRI is that MRI can show images of ____________________ while X-rays cannot.
 

 

 54. 
A muscle is attached to a bone by a connective tissue called a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 55. 
Skin cells produce ____________________, which helps the digestive system absorb calcium.
 

 

 56. 
A colored substance called ____________________ helps to protect the skin from burning.
 

 

 57. 
Limiting sun exposure helps to prevent skin ____________________, a disease in which cells divide uncontrollably.
 

 

 58. 
Washing your skin can help prevent a skin condition called ____________________.
 

 

 59. 
A kind of connective tissue called a(n) ____________________ holds together the bones in movable joints.
 

 

 60. 
A(n) ____________________ is a slim tube-shaped instrument that can be inserted into a joint through a small slit.
 

 

Short Answer
 
 
Use the diagram to answer each question.

delete_files/i0650000.jpg
 

 61. 
Which type of joint is Joint A?
 

 62. 
Which type of joint is Joint C?
 

 63. 
Which joints are movable? Which are immovable?
 

 64. 
Which joint is a pivot joint?
 

 65. 
What kind of motion does Joint A allow?
 

 66. 
Which joint provides the greatest range of movement?
 
 
Use the diagram to answer each question.

delete_files/i0720000.jpg
 

 67. 
Where in the body is muscle type A (cardiac muscle) found?
 

 68. 
Which type of muscle is indicated by B?
 

 69. 
Which type of muscle is indicated by C?
 

 70. 
Which type of muscle tissue — A, B, or C — is found in the stomach? What is this type of muscle tissue called?
 

 71. 
Tell whether each type of muscle tissue is voluntary or involuntary.
 

 72. 
When you use a pencil for writing, which type of muscle — A, B, or C — moves your fingers?
 

Essay
 

 73. 
List and describe the four levels of organization of the human body.
 

 74. 
What is homeostasis? What is its importance in the human body?
 

 75. 
Name three bones that protect internal organs and name the organs they protect.
 

 76. 
The three most common skeletal injuries are fractures, sprains, and dislocations. Describe what happens to bones or ligaments when each of these injuries occurs.
 

 77. 
Describe how skin helps maintain body temperature if a person becomes too warm.
 

 78. 
Are bones dead or alive? Explain your answer.
 

 79. 
Describe the life cycle of epidermal cells.
 

 80. 
Explain how the biceps and triceps muscles work as a pair to bend and straighten the arm at the elbow.
 



 
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